![]() Cover and pages from The History of Base Hospital No. 18 cared for 14,179 medical and surgical patients during its 17 months in France.įigures 1–4. troops became involved in major battles, the hospital received large numbers-sometimes trainloads-of casualties and briefly functioned as an evacuation hospital. Finney learned to dive into shell holes to avoid incoming artillery rounds and survived being overcome by carbon monoxide in his antiquated staff car. Finney ultimately rose to the rank of Brigadier General.ĭuring his personal inspections of frontline hospitals, Dr. Finney was tapped to serve as Surgical Consultant to the American Expeditionary Forces (AEF), and he and his staff supervised surgical care of all the AEF medical units. His son, Eben, was one of the 32 Hopkins medical students among the enlisted personnel. 18 as it set up and became organized during the miseries of the first cold, muddy winter. By the armistice, Bazoilles was a fully operational medical center with seven base hospitals. The facility’s Roentgen Laboratory had plate and fluoroscopic capabilities. The hospital had surgical, orthopaedic, ophthalmic, otolaryngologic, dental, and medical departments. 18 was located only 60 miles from the war front in the village of Bazoilles-sur-Meuse in the Lorraine region of northeast France. For transportation reasons, base hospitals were eventually grouped into hospital centers.īase Hospital No. Ultimately, 120 base hospitals were established, 49 of them affiliated hospitals organized and staffed by volunteers from U.S. Staff from the base hospitals were frequently posted temporarily to units closer to the front. At the base hospitals, operations of all kinds were performed, and patients were kept until they were ready for discharge or transfer to port hospitals for transport home. The Hopkins unit was organized to comply with the war department’s policies with staff for a 500-bed hospital, though in France their hospital had 1,000 beds that could expand to 1,300 with tents when needed.īase hospitals were the third level of care after frontline mobile units and evacuation hospitals. These units were initially organized and supported by the American Red Cross, which continued to play a major supporting role throughout the war. ![]() Hopkins was one of the many medical centers in the country that had made tentative preparations- before the U.S.’s entry into the war-to form a medical unit that could serve as a base hospital. Finney and colleagues at Hopkins patriotically and eagerly joined the Medical Reserve Corps. Finney had joined the Maryland National Guard in 1898 during the Spanish-American War and had remained active with the guard. ![]() The hospital left New York on Jas a unit of the Army Medical Reserve Corps accompanying the First Division of American troops sent to France after the U.S. ![]() 18-the Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD, unit (see Figures 1–5). Finney had already completed his tenure as President of the ACS when at age 53, he was appointed Director of Base Hospital No. Cameron, MD, FACS, FRCSEng(Hon), FRCSI(Hon), noted in his American College of Surgeons Presidential Address, “John Miller Turpin Finney: The First President of the American College of Surgeons,” Dr. Founder of the American College of SurgeonsĪs John L. ![]()
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